My Christian Way of Life Essay

I would not begin this individual exposition by saying that I am a faithful Christian and that I love helping individuals or something like that. I am a Christian; in any case, I am not the sincere sort. I don't consistently go to chapel social affairs. I don't generally take part in network benefits or keep away from indecencies. My ethical convictions were first developed by my parents’ instructing. They are passionate Catholic, so it is sensible to presume that Jesus Christ is the most powerful scholar in my life. It is a direct result of Him that I am ready to stroll through life unhesitatingly and acknowledge various demands. I am against brutality and retribution since He has instructed us to pardon. By the by, I despite everything have my own profound questions and inquiries regarding life and about being a Christian. I likewise view myself as a casualty of mainstream society who tends to get effortlessly impacted by nonsensical conditions. I am incredulous more often than not which is the reason I am persuaded that Pepperdine is the most fitting college which can provide food my requirements for otherworldly turn of events. The way that George Pepperdine didn't mean for any of the university’s understudies to turn out to be full-swore or ardent Christians is the thing that draws in me most in the university’s mission. It intrigue me not on the grounds that I would prefer not to turn out to be carefully directed by Christian qualities but since in this basic purpose of my life, I accept that I need all the opportunity to settle on my own decisions so I can later consider about them and ponder my own life. At a youthful age, an individual must be permitted to find their own otherworldliness by their own methods. Along these lines, this individual can turn out to be progressively experienced and headed to show up to what the person in question accepts is reality with regards to one’s profound being. On the off chance that one would investigate one’s environmental factors intently, it is obvious that we live in a material world. Everything that our eyes consider is genuinely material. Despite what might be expected, I accept that there is considerably more in this world than natural things. The world is a riddle that we have to bits togetherâ€a issue that we have to unravel. Be that as it may, it is an issue unsolvableâ€a issue excessively mind boggling and inconceivable. However, we can possibly consider the to be in that capacity on the off chance that we close our eyes from triviality and open them to more prominent degrees. Basically, the world is just a fantasy that we have made to satisfy our sightâ€and the best way to abstain from being completely blinded by it is to build up our own otherworldliness. An individual who tries to achieve a created otherworldly being must figure out the proper behavior in their own agreement. Religion can be very constraining now and again, which can even reason an individual to lose his direction. Nonetheless, in the event that one is given enough room to find everything on their own, this individual turns out to be increasingly mindful in picking the correct way with no sentiment of defiance or being constrained. I am certain that through the direction of a college which esteems Christianity, I can turn out to be progressively taught and dependable in finding the otherworldly part of my life. I don't generally go to Sunday church yet I sincerely have my purported individual relationship with God. I am progressively agreeable in conversing with Him like a compatriot who is consistently prepared and accessible to tune in than rehashing supplications regular. George Pepperdine is correct. Perhaps I am not completely mindful yet of what is the genuine Christian lifestyle. Perhaps â€Å"personal relationship† with God isn't sufficient to be known as a genuine Christian. Possibly it incorporates far beyond only a relationship. I surmise I am not that certain yet about my own otherworldliness which is something beyond an explanation enough for me to get acknowledged in this college.

Biological Techniques :: essays research papers

1. (a) I. Plasmids are significant apparatuses in sub-atomic science. Plasmids are little roundabout DNA that can enter and recreate in bacterial cells and can be utilized as vectors to bring remote qualities into microorganisms for cloning and sequencing. Any quality must be embedded into a proper area of a plasmid to be communicated. The significance of a plasmid is in the progression of cloning and sequencing when the development of a recombinant DNA atom happens. The objective quality piece is ligated to a plasmid, and becomes recombinant DNA. At that point the plasmid can reproduce self-sufficiently in a proper host life form. II. The polymerase chain response (PCR) is the intensification of DNA grouping by rehashed patterns of strand seperation and replication. This is an immediate strategy for making duplicates of an ideal DNA arrangement, dissimilar to the procedure utilizing plasmids. PCR is a procedure very like DNA replication. It is as yet the procedure of two DNA strands loosening up, reproducing, and afterward reannealing, anyway the strands are isolated by heat. By and large temperatures must be expanded to 94-96 degrees C for the hydrogen bonds to break and the division to happen. When the stands are isolated they can be utilized as formats for correlative strands to be orchestrated by DNA groundworks. After the strands are totally orchestrated, the temperatures are brought down to 50-65 degrees C for the groundworks to strengthen with the format DNA, and a DNA polymerase can fabricate corresponding strands utilizing free nucleotides that have been added to the arrangement. III. Limitation part length polymorphism (RFLP) examination is a method wherein DNA districts are processed utilizing limitation endonucleases, and exposed to radioactive integral DNA tests to think about the distinctions in DNA piece lengths between people. The DNA being referred to is processed utilizing limitation endonuclease(s). The DNA is then sudden spike in demand for a gel and has all the earmarks of being extremely long. The gel is dependent upon a substance that causes the twofold abandoned DNA to isolate into to singular strands. The strands are then moved to a nylon film with utilizing an electric flow, where it will tie. The exchange procedure is called Southern smudging.

The Horrors of U.X.Os

The Horrors of U.X.Os Hannah Chartier The Vietnam War is the second longest war in United States history. It started on August 7, 1964 when the U.S. congress passed a joint goals to do battle against the Communist North Vietnamese. It finished on April 30, 1975 with the fall of Saigon. The Vietnamese government evaluates that around 14m huge amounts of arms, about multiple times that utilized by the Allies in the subsequent universal war, was dropped on Vietnam somewhere in the range of 1959 and 1975. Somewhere in the range of 10% and 30% of it neglected to explode (Cordall). Nobody truly knows without a doubt what number of undetonated bombs are still there on the grounds that ordinary more are found. Lamentably, these undetonated bombs proceed to disfigure and slaughter the occupants of North Vietnam, South Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. Unexploded Munitions represent a proceeding with hindrance to farming and a risk to kids (Black). On September 6, 2016, President Barack Obama vowed $90 million to help with the expulsio n of unexploded weapons dropped during the Vietnam War. For just about fifty years the U.S. disregarded this issue. The United States military bombarding strategies during the Vietnam War were uncalled for on the grounds that these bombs proceed to kill and harm standard individuals ordinary. Clearing the undetonated mandates abandoned from the Vietnam War has never been a need of the United States government. The U.S. government emptied its last residents and partners as fast as conceivable to stay away from the danger of losses. It was the biggest helicopter clearing ever. The U.S. had lost the war, so it was not answerable for revamping the countries in question. No less than 119 nations have prohibited the utilization of group bombs, however the U.S. government despite everything uses them right up 'til the present time. Unexploded weapons influence ranchers the most in these post-war nations. The fields they ranch are sullied with bunch bomblets that were covered and overlooked. It isn't uncommon for a rancher to inadvertently hit an unexploded arms with his/her scoop or digger. The Guardian as of late distributed an anecdote about a Vietnamese rancher. Nguyen Dinh Thu was hoeing the little land parcel his folks had given him [when] he struck the unexploded U.S. military bomb that had lain undisturbed there for a long time (Cordall). At the point when he arose, he came round to discover the two his hands had been brushed off and his face and legs were filled with shrapnel which will remain inside him forever (Cordall). His story isn't novel Channapha Khamvongsa, the official chief of Legacies of War, has seen the abhorrences of the undetonated bombs in Laos. She was only a little child when her folks left Laos for the United States. She has made it her strategic instruct the world about the unexplod ed bombs in her nation of origin of Laos. 80% of individuals depend on their property to develop food in Laos. So they despite everything utilize their property even at the danger of their own lives (Khamvongsa). Laos is probably the most unfortunate nation in Eastern Asia. While the vast majority of the casualties used to be ranchers working their fields, nowadays, with a greater amount of the wide open cleared, those most in danger are scrap-metal scroungers, who cut up rusted bombs and shells in the desire for procuring a couple of dollars (Black). Around 40 percent of the mishaps bring about death and 60 percent of the casualties are kids. Likewise, (the bombies) are tennis ball measured weapons. The kids frequently botch the bombs for toys, and get them and toss them around. This is regularly the reason for a blast (Khamvongsa). An average model is A 13-year-old kid was slaughtered in A My by an unexploded bomb four years back as he played in his nursery, and the stun waves despite everything resonate through this small network (Cordall). During the Vietnam War, the United States utilized bombs as a method of assaulting the Vietnamese individuals and towns. It was a poor choice since now, after the war, there are still bombs that keep on exploding each day, obliterating the towns to an ever increasing extent. As per The New Yorker article composed by George Black, Since the finish of the war in 1975, in excess of forty thousand Vietnamese have been executed by U.X.O.

Aim Market Exploring The Impacts Of Recession - Free Essay Example

The purpose of this study is to explore the repercussions of recession on the British Stock Market particularly expounding its impact on Alternative Investment Market. The study aims to utilise qualitative approach to examine and constitute the relative repercussions of recession upon AIM. For this, an exhaustive literature review of the London Stock Exchange is essential to gain indicative factors relevant to account for the associated risks of recession to AIM. According to research on UK firms, uncertainty shocks typically reduce the responsiveness of firms by more than half, leaving monetary and fiscal policy-makers relatively powerless (Bloom et al, 2007). 1.1 LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE LSE is amongst the oldest stock exchanges in Europe and also the most promising out of the 22 active stock exchanges functioning in Great Britain. It was established in 1801 and has emerged as the largest stock exchanges of the world comprising of number of overseas as well as British companies (London Stock Exchange, 2005). The positioning of London city is beneficial as it let the London Stock Exchange to function during American and Asian sessions. Being a public company its shares are traded on stock exchanges and is considered to be the most international trading floor and about 50% of international transactions with shares are concluded on LSE (London Stock Exchange, 2005). The London Stock Exchange has four main quarters that include equity markets which facilitates companies from across the globe to raise capital (London Stock Exchange, 2005). Figure: 01 Source: London Stock Exchange trade statistics à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" March 2007 There are the four primary markets that include: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The Main Market, Alternative Investment Market (AIM), Professional Securities Market (PSM) and Specialist Fund Market (SFM). London Stock Exchange is a highly active market that provides range of trading services including trading in a range of securities as for example, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“UK and international equities, debt, covered warrants, exchange traded funds (ETFs), Exchange Traded Commodities (ETCs), REITs, fixed interest, contracts for difference (CFDs) and depositary receiptsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (London Stock Exchange, 2005). It provides market data information with clarity offering real-time prices, news and other financial information to the global financial community. EDX London, established in 2003serves as a major contributor to derivatives business in order to bring the cash equity and derivatives markets closer together the London Stock Exchange. 1.2 AIM: AN OVERVIEW London Stock Exchange reviewed the unlisted securities market in1993 during the middle of a recession and decided to close it. Quoted Companies Alliance now referred as CISCO was then born and which lead to the establishment of Alternative Investment Market in June 1995 by London Stock Exchange. With its noticeable endurance for several years; AIM has been a considerable success. Rapid growth has been observed in AIM market, commencing its operation in 1995, it has rose over  £24 billion and listed over 2,200 companies, including 276 foreign companies by January 2006 listing1,408 companies from 33 industrial sectors out of which 220 were from overseas countries. Instead of offering shares to the public AIMà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s 90% of flotations depends on placing the shares with institutions, venture capital trusts and private investors reinforced by European 191 Prospectus Directive (Thronton, 2009). In order to reduce the pool of capital available to buy new AIM shares, the Eu ropean 191 Prospectus Directive requires that, a full prospectus must be issued in both conditions where; the company offers shares to more than 100 persons, other than qualified investors or if a private client broker proffer such shares to more than 100 of their clients (Thronton, 2009).. Based in the city of London, AIM benefits from competitive supply of leading financial services and decently offers direct access to outsized and sophisticated shareholders. AIM has the potential to provide with all the significant financial services as required by the firm for listing, floating, reporting, auditing, broking, public relations, security analysis, printing, legalities, registering shareholders, etc. Rising higher from a percentage of 35.2% in September 2003, the institutional investors owned 40.9% by value of the shares listed on AIM in September 2005(Growth Company Investor, 2005), that consequently accounts for a very substantial institutional contribution of AIM, in small-capitalization market. 1.2.1 MARKET SIZE The multitude of companies traded on AIM come from different parts of the world and signify huge number of industries. At present there are approximately 1500 companies from more than 26 countries that are quoted on the AIM (London Stock Exchange, 2005). There is one common trait shared by all traded companies on AIM and i.e. a dynamic corporate attitude and a strong ambition for business expansion. AIM welcomes companies of varying sizes to become part of even though it was primarily designed for smaller firms, but companies of varying sizes if possessing a desire for growth and profitability, are equally encouraged to join the Alternative Investment Market. 1.2.2 OPERATIONS The operations of AIM are controlled by the London Stock Exchange, having a tendency to work ideal for companies with a capitalization and valuation from $20 million to $300 million. The costs for filings and entry are approximately $600,000, with ongoing annual costs of around $100,000. The range of capital-raising activities tends to be in between $4 million to $40 million with approximately 9 percent average cost of capital. The percentage of retail investment is higher than on the official list and the investors are largely institutional. 1.2.3 KEY STATISTICS Table: 01 AIM 1,635 UK 1,331 International 304 AIM Market Capitalisation  £94.4 Billion AIM IPOs in 2006 278 UK 201 International 77 Capital raised since 1995*  £40.1 Billion Capital raised in 2006*  £15.7 Billion UK  £10.3 Billion International  £5.4 Billion * New listings and further capital raises 1.2.4 DIVERSITY AND INTERNATIONAL DIMENSION AIM has a diverse market spanning (Figure, 02) in approximately 39 sectors having a number of international companies and investors. The AIM is comprised of key sectors in which there is resource sector that include mining and oil gas, financial sector includes real estate, equity investment instruments and general financial. The industrial sector of AIM is comprise of construction materials, electronic electrical equipment and support services whereas, the consumer services includes media and travel leisure. Apart from US the growth in international companies on AIM is also being driven through Canada, China, India and mainland Europe. Figure: 02 Source: London Stock Exchange trade statistics à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" March 2007 1.2.5 MARKET CAPITALISATION According to LSE statistics the international companies listed as UK Top Co are counted as domestic. The US investors 330 international companies are listed with a value of  £36.6bn equivalent to $73.5bn and over 70 US companies listed on AIM has a value of  £2.9bn that is equivalent to $5.8bn (London Stock Exchange, 2005). Figure: 03 Source: London Stock Exchange trade statistics à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" March 2007 It is interesting to note that the international companies on AIM are larger than UK companies, with an average market capitalisation at 31 December 2007 of  £99.2 million compared with  £46.9 million for UK registered companies. The market capitalisation on Alternative Investment Market is expressed in the Figure, 03. It is important to signify that AIM is not subject to more extensive regulation and therefore, it offers a wider pool of investors, and this may result in some decline in the cost of capital (Errunza and Miller, 2000). CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 INTRODUCTION Establishing itself as the worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s most successful growth market after being launched by the London Stock Exchange (LSE) in 1995, AIM provides opportunity to raise capital and a liquid market place to trade shares for small and medium sized growing companies. Over 3000 small growth companies have listed on AIM and these companies have raised a total of over  £60 billion, since the commencement of AIM. Global recession has caused complicated market conditions however; there are still some signs of recovery, such as the first major IPO of the year and on the other hand improvement can be observed in trading volumes and average; meanwhile, an improvement in fund raising conditions towards the end of 2009 and through 2010 is also predicted by the brokers and other market commentators (Thronton, 2009). In order to conserve its position in the market AIM has to become accustomed with current market conditions, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“while not losing sight of its roots and emerge as a market focused on providing growing companies with direct access to capitalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Thronton, 2009). The main objective of the literature review is to summarise the existing research work to gain insights on the subject area and also to assess and explain the impacts of recession. The core element of the research is to conduct an empirical study of the relative volatility, analysis of market size, allowance and liquidity ratios of AIM and determining its rate of progression during economic commotion. 2.2 AIM- FACTS AND FIGURES The AIMà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s trading began on 19 June 1995 and there were only 10 companies listed on the first day of trading. Since the opening of the Third Market in 1987, AIM was Londons first new market and it is split into two indices, the AIM 50 and AIM 100 Index where AIM 50 includes the biggest names on the junior market by attracting fresh, budding and newly expanding firms which were incapable for admittance to the main FTSE lists (London Stock Exchange, 2005). Even after facing criticism for the costs by some experts the market succeeded in making it easier for smaller businesses to raise capital. In accordance with the rules by AIM, the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s costs rose up to 20 times higher in comparison to the earlier system. Notwithstanding the cost of raising capital was approximated to be an average of about  £100,000 for an AIM company, as compared to  £1m for a company on the main market (London Stock Exchange, 2005). There are now 1,276 AIM-listed companies. Liquidity among AIM stocks widely varies and the stocks having highest capitalisation and the largest free float represent comparable liquidity levels to the main market. There are a large number of illiquid stocks on the lower end of the market. AIM provides different trading platforms for different types of stock in order to improve the liquidity of the market but its volatility is not significantly diverse than other markets. 2.2.1 STOCK TRADING Large and frequently traded stocks are listed on AIM and there are small, infrequently traded stocks also listed with it therefore; no single trading mechanism is applicable to AIM stocks. Considering the time from the institution of AIM, it has exhibited very rapid growth in trading volumes (London Stock Exchange, 2005) as represented in Table, 02. The average annual growth rates over the period of a decade starting from1996 to the year 2005 are as follows; the turnover was around 36%; number of trades was 28%; and the number of shares traded were 35% approximately. The average number of shares per trade grew by 5% per year, whereas the average value per trade grew by 6% per year, over this period. The growth of trading on AIM occurred in two phases. There was a substantial drop in stock market prices observed during 2001- 2002 where there was negative volume growth which gradually recovered in the year 2003 followed by rapid growth of trading. Table: 02 AIM Trading Volumes for 5 Years Year Turnover ( £m) Number of Trades Number of Shares Traded (m) Average Number of Shares per Trade Average Value per Trade ( £) 2001 4,854.8 706,582 2,866.6 39.63 6.71 2002 3,517.6 449,876 2,491.8 55.08 7.19 2003 6,615.8 823,948 5,762.3 69.83 8.29 2004 18,125.9 1,675,955 9,725.9 58.72 10.15 2005 42,158.2 2,241,323 10,865.5 48.04 18.10 Source: London Stock Exchange (2006) 2.2.2 UNDERSIZED REGULATORY LOAD AIM regulations are designed to reduce burden for companies listing on this exchange. The admission process for AIM takes about three months, depending on circumstances (Audley, 2005) and in order to list on AIM; There is no need for trading record and on the spot listing of start-ups and cash shells; Smaller companies can also list as there is no minimum market capitalization; Reduced costs and time for listing as the admission documents are not pre-vetted by AIM or the U.K. Listing Authority; The lack of a minimum free float for preventing firms to sell off a substantial part of the business to list in AIM; Approval from prior shareholder is not required for acquisitions that also reduces the time and cost of acquisitions. There is an obligation to employ a Nomad at all times for each AIM-listed company. The Nomads carry out three main functions; To make a decision that if a company should be admitted to AIM or not; Managing the floatation process; and Advice the company regarding rules, before and after it has been listed. 2.2.3 COSTS FOR LISTINGS The admission fee of AIM is  £4,180 with a listing fee of  £4,180 per year and a value-added tax to these admission and annual fees is applied to UK companies. The total costs of admission to AIM are about  £350,000 to  £450,000 and a brokerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s fees of 3% 6% of any funds raised (Audley, 2005). Nomads are liable to undertake most of this process followed by any subsequent capital-raising and this keeps admission and listing costs under control. The costs to the firm of listing on AIM include: The initial costs to obtain the listing; Followed by initial floatationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s costs of any subsequent capital raising; and The annual costs of maintaining the listing. 2.2.4 THE MAIN MARKET London Stock Exchange is one of the worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s leading stock exchanges and AIM offers a great deal of progression to it and vice versa. During a period of January 2000 to December 2004, a total of 160 companies switched between AIM and the main market. About 81% went from the main market to AIM and almost 19% went from AIM to the main market concluding that out of every company graduated from AIM to the main market, four moved in reverse course (Dufour, Sutcliffe and Wells 2005). In accordance with a survey (Baker Tilly, 2005b) 17 firms moved from the main market to AIM and their reason (Table, 03) for moving as constituted by the survey were; Less regulation 53% More Flexibility 41% Less Expensive 24% Tax Benefits 12% Suitability 12%Table: 03 Furthermore, the survey (Baker Tilly 2005b) reveals that 64% of the main market companies considered moving in and back to AIM, out of which 26% actually planned to move whereas the rest of 34% companies considered it beneficial due to lack of provisional parameters, trouble-free acquisitions, greater flexibility and tax advantages. 2.2.5 TAXATION The following areas of tax relief are available for individual investors in U.K. companies listed on AIM (Baker Tilly, 2005a): The business asset taper relief tends to minimise the effective tax rate of capital gains tax up to 40% 10%. In gift relief a capital gains tax is overdue until a subsequent disposal by the recipient. Investment in AIM trading companies leads to indemnity from inheritance tax. Enterprise investment scheme offers relief from both income tax and capital gains tax. From the initial investment in new AIM shares about one fifth of the cost can be counterbalanced against income tax. In addition any capital gain is exempt from capital gains tax, while any capital loss (less the 20% income tax relief) can be offset against capital gains elsewhere. Investors are exempt from tax on dividends from the Venture Capital Trusts, and capital gains on their shares in the VCT. Investors also receive an initial income tax relief equal to 40% of their investment in new VCT shares. 2.2.6 REQUIREMENTS AND LISTING PROCEDURE Companies listed on AIM have to assign a nominated adviser to serve as their sponsor or representative and is responsible to prepare the prospectus in order to admit the issuer for trading on AIM. The function of a nomad is to assists the company in raising its initial capital provide market making and research for the issuers stock with the help of its brokerage and research departments. The contractual activities and correlation between the issuer and its nomad extends well beyond the initial public offering. Nomad remain active even after the initial listing on AIM so that a small issuer does not end up being left alone in a stock market crisis. New rules and regulations were instituted both for nomads and companies listed on the AIM exchange, in Feb, 2007. To provide further guidance and to illuminate the regulatory issues concerning disclosure requirements the rules for nomads and companies were put into practice. Although the changes to AIM rules are evolutionary rather than re volutionary, Nomads should not under-estimate the Exchanges emphasis on the responsibility of nomads for preserving the reputation and integrity of AIM (Audley, 2005). 2.3 ASSOCIATED RISKS AND BENEFITS The listing procedure is much more simplified in London Stock Exchange as there is no regulatory authority in the UK so it becomes the responsibility of the sponsoring nomad as a result of which the complete process becomes substantially quicker and inexpensive. The prospectus discloses all information that an investor needs for making an informed investment decision and ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s less comprehensive in most cases where the SEC-filed registration statement and the review process, for the most part, is absent (Audley, 2005). Therefore, the SEC governmental review process of the prospectus, the massive amount of periodic regulatory filings and compulsory financial reporting needs are eradicated by listing on AIM. The emerging growth companies are offered with very greater options by eliminating the need for underwriters that are only interested large deals so a great number of foreign companies are flocking to AIM (London Stock Exchange, 2006). Listing on AIM gives an emergi ng growth company the opportunity to go public and raise capital for reasonable fees and under reasonable terms and conditions. AIM rules require not only a nominated broker but also a nominated adviser. There were companies on AIM which caused regulatory nervousness and the big guns at the DTI, Treasury and Stock Exchange focused their canon on nominated advisers. This had a knock-on effect on costs. Nominated advisers lay off their responsibilities on solicitors and accountants who duly reproduce and costs shoot up (London Stock Exchange, 2006). Professional advisers, anxious to minimise the risk of adverse criticism by the regulatory authorities, are now applying Official List standards. This has driven costs up and has damaged the purpose of AIM (London Stock Exchange, 2006). 2.4 FISCAL AGITATION AND AIM Economic recovery is gradual but consistent followed by the recession that hit the stock markets worldwide and for London Stock Exchange, particularly AIM market; there is a need for investment by small companies. The number of companies quoted on AIM, which is the London Stock Exchanges Alternative Investment Market, is now just 1,276 compared with more than 1,600 in the year 2007, which constitutes that, more than one company a day delists from AIM throughout last year (Northedge, 2010). It is also noticeable that notwithstanding the soaring share prices up to 66 per cent in the year 2009, outperforming the main stock market, only 36 new companies joined AIM. It is the lowest annual total since the launch of AIM in1995 and a tiny fraction as compared to the joining of 462 companies that in 2006 (Northedge, 2010). About 290 companies delisted compared with 218 in the year 2008, and others have been liquidating their assets and returning the proceeds to shareholders. Reported by (Wac hman, 2009) in Guardian, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The number of companies having a capital under  £5m or  £10m has halved within two years and approximately two-thirds of AIMs companies are capitalised at less than  £25m and almost10 per cent are valued at below  £2mà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. Despite share prices falling, the delisting of the small firms has become a basis for the average AIM Companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s estimation twofold to  £43m since the year 2006. The continued loss of small firms from AIM and some Britains top 200 companies remain there give rise to a fear that AIM will become another version of the main market leaving no alternative for smaller businesses to be quoted. That is already making it harder for small firms to raise capital to invest in Britains economic recovery (Northedge, 2010).

Misogynistic and Sexist Undertones in One Flew Over the...

From the moment that the apple touched Eve’s lips, women have been seen as an embodiment of all that is evil. This reflects misogynistic societal beliefs that women are below men. While many of the prejudices towards women are hidden in modern American society, some misogynistic stereotypes are still present. In Ken Kesey’s One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, one can see many misogynistic and sexist undertones. Big Nurse Ratched is in a position of authority over a large group of men and is seen as a tyrannical and unjust ruler. Although most of her methods would have been seen as awful when used by any person, the saturation of bad women in the novel creates an unfavorable picture of women in general. The balance of power in the ward is†¦show more content†¦Therefore, she â€Å"attempts to conceal [her breasts] in [a] sexless get-up† (64). In order for McMurphy and the men to regain power, they must regain their sexuality and reveal the nurseâ€℠¢s. McMurphy’s final stand against the nurse involves him â€Å"ripp[ing] her uniform all the way down the front† (275) and revealing breasts that she had concealed. With this metaphorical rape, Kesey is equating the men regaining power with sexual dominance over women. The rape of the nurse is seen as a heroic act by McMurphy, which conveys the misogynistic message that men have a right to sexual power over women. The way that McMurphy performs this rape is effectively silencing the nurse, as he had his â€Å"heavy red fingers [in] the white flesh of her throat† (275). Using silence in conjunction with a metaphorical rape gives a further misogynistic tone, as McMurphy is exerting sexual dominance as well as stopping her from being able to speak out against him, or any man. Because this is McMurphy’s final action, it is seen as his greatest one. Therefore, the man who can break a woman is seen as an ideal specimen. Size, both physical and metaphorical, plays a large role in the misogynistic references in the ward. The Chief makes constant references to people’s size. However, size is relative. One cannot be big without someone else being small. When the nurse is in full control, the Chief sees her as â€Å"big as a tractor† (5). With her great size, Nurse Ratched is squashing the

Mourning and Grief - 931 Words

Sigmund Freud, born on May 8th, 1856, was the founder of psychoanalysis. Psychoanalysts believed that human behavior, experience, and cognition were largely determined by irrational drives which were mostly unconscious. Freud further developed the mechanisms of repression and established a clinical method for treating psychopathology through dialogue between a patient and their respective psychoanalyst. Though psychoanalysts are not very common in our current day, other forms of psychotherapy have developed that employs diverging ideas, originating from Freud’s original thoughts and approach to studying the mind (Boeree). Freud went on to later synthesize a theory of what he believed happened during grief. According to his theory, we†¦show more content†¦The book insinuates that repeating the story is a way of processing and accepting the death, claiming that with each retelling, the pain lessens (Smith and Segal). Another primary reconciliation need of mourning is th e development of a new self-identity that follows the conclusion of decathexis and precedes the beginning of cathexis. Decathexis and cathexis, both terms coined by Sigmund Freud, define the process of withdrawing energy from an idea or instinctual object and the latter explaining the gradual weakening and separation of an emotional bond (Boeree). Freud believed that energy that was gained after conquering the two phases of death acknowledgement can be gradually reinvested into new people, objects, or activities. After people lose a loved one they feel as if a part of them died. Society has molded us to give ourselves meaning in relation to the lives of those around us (i.e. I am a father, a brother, a friend). But, after the conclusion of the loved ones life, we no longer know who we are or what we are supposed to do. Self-help groups attempt to fill bereaved ones lives with activities that may interest them in the hopes that these activates will either get their mind off the recen t death or aid in helping the individual reinvent themselves. Works Cited Boeree, C. George. SigmundShow MoreRelatedEssay on Grief and Mourning1283 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Grief and Mourning Grand Canyon University: PCN 605 December 17, 2013 Grief and Mourning Schizophrenia is one of the most debilitating psychotic disorders that can tend to cause distortions in perceptions, hallucinations, delusions, and other strange behavior in 1% of the population in the United States (Picchioni Murray, 2007). Receiving a diagnosis of schizophrenia can be life altering and hard to grasp. A myriad of emotions come into play for bothRead MoreGrief, Bereavement And Mourning1491 Words   |  6 Pages Grief, Bereavement and Mourning When a person encounters death, they go through a normal process called grieving. 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Qualitative Research Two Dead Frankfurts and a Blob of Sauce

Question: Discuss about the Critique of the Qualitative Research Two Dead Frankfurts and a Blob of Sauce. Answer: Justification of the Title The title of the research paper Two dead frankfurts and a blob of sauce: The serendipity of receiving nutrition and hydration in Australian residential aged care is a little distinctive and unique although it captures the essence of the research very well (Bernoth, Dietsch Davies, 2014). Two dead frankfurts and a blob of sauce encompass the quality of food served in the RAC (residential aged care) services whereas the very word serendipity connotes with a sense of accidental discovery, chance or luck that perfectly describes the lack of certainty in the provision of nutrition and fluid for the aged persons in Australian residential aged care homes. Validation of the Abstract The abstract of the study is well divided into background, methods, findings and conclusion parts underpinning the key theme of each of the topics in the study effectively. In the summary of the background, the abstract clearly states the topic of the research and that how it has been conducted, through two distinct yet consistent research projects carried out in 2009 and 2011 mentioning the participants too (Bernoth et al., 2014 , p. 2). The methods and findings have also been fittingly summarized, while the conclusion part includes the implication of the findings. However, the abstract of the conclusion does not hold any point on where the serendipity of the aged people to have good food and hydration in the aged care homes lies. Although this point is a part of conclusion chapter, the abstract fails to mention it. Substantiating the Introduction The major drawback of the introduction chapter is that the study does not separate the literature review from the background of the study and the opinions gathered from the relevant literature have been inscribed under the heading of introduction. In fact, the introduction of the study is merely the background stated briefly, whereas an ideal introduction of the research papers should specify the context in detail . Alongside, the introduction chapter fails to clarify the research questions or the research objectives that are essential to write any standard research paper (Martin et al., 2016). Here, the readers are in darkness about the research objectives of the researchers and this makes the paper a little vague. Moreover, the introduction chapter neither specifies any problem statement nor states the purpose of the study. Without the problem statement, the readers will not be able to comprehend the importance of the study and the significance of the topic. For an ideal introduction, it is important to make the readers familiar with problem statement, research purpose, hypothesis and assumption of the research beforehand. However, in this study, after the brief description of the background, the literature review starts abruptly and thus, the Introduction do not provide a strong foundation of the study that it is expected to do. Commenting on the Literature Review Literature reviews are obligatory to any research conducted as a perfect synopsis of the existing relevant literature provides the readers with an understanding how the study they are going through adjust in the wider context (Aveyard, 2014)). For an instance, the literature review of this study about the serendipity of aged persons to receive proper nutrition and hydration in the residential age care homes describes the amount of nutrition the aged people have been accustomed with when they were young. The way Bemoth, Dietsch and Davies (2014) have drawn the matter of nutrition in historical context, sets the platform for the readers to understand where the aged care homes are lacking. The literature effectively mentions, Food has meaning, memories and traditions and these become more significant to those in residential aged care and that Mealtimes are one aspect of the day that residents should be able to anticipate (Chisholm, Jensen Field 2011, p. 165). The literature review is a lso effective in the sense this offers a deeper understanding on the topic of food and nutrition; in the very first line of the literature review it reveals that it is the companionship of meal sharing enhances the nutritional status of older people (Vesnaver Keller, 2011, p.2). The periodical analysis of food and changes in food habits occurred in Australia described in the literature review helps the audience to anticipate the sufferings and dilemma of the aged people in the RAC services. An ideal literature review will implicitly begin to justify the choice of subject of the research and looking at this study it can be said that the literature review is never off the track and repeatedly, after every revelation from the literature, the authors try to return to their subject topic (Bernoth et al., 2014). The literature clearly shows that although, in their youth, the aged people were accustomed with food rationing during World War II but that had a specific purpose, to contribute to the effort of war (Lim et al., 2014). Now, in the RAC services, the restrictions in food happen on the part of the aged people themselves due to lonely dining room and poor quality food experience. Thus, the literature review, giving an insight to the happy days of the aged people, adds to the sense of misery. The ending part of this section provides a grim idea how malnourishment can become deadly for the aged people and presents an alarming statistics of malnourished aged persons where almost half of the population residing in the aged care homes are under the threat of malnutrition. Therefore, the critique of literature review shows that to explore the serendipity of receiving nutrition for the aged people, the literature review has been effective in providing a good deal of research on the past food experiences of the aged people (Griffiths et al., 2014). Moreover, the multiplicity of literature used by the authors of this study has enriched the secondary research with knowledge and relevant statistical information. Verifying the Methodology The research methodology is referred to the science of conducting a research systematically to fulfill the objectives (Creighton, Davison Kissane, 2016). Under the methodology section, the researcher offers a brief description of the various steps that are to be followed while conducting the research. Looking at the methodology of this study, it can be seen that in the very beginning, purposes of the first and second research project have been specified. This is indeed a great beginning of the methodology chapter as the readers get to know the context of the previously done researches based on which the present study is to proceed. The first project done in 2009 attempted to explore what the friends and the families, who have some near and dear ones in the aged care homes feel about the RAC services. The purpose of the second project significantly inspects the impact on the communities, friends and the families when the aged persons had to depart their remote and rural communities to avail the RAC services. However, it is little unusual that the methodology section describes the implications of the projects conducted and that in both of the research projects, what difficulties the participants had spoken of (Street et al., 2015, 520). This should have been appropriately mentioned in the findings section. Moreover, the methodology section does not clarify what methods the research is to adopt. Although it has been stated that for both the research projects interviews have been conducted, it is never clearly mentioned that the researchers have adopted qualitative analysis method. However, the verification of the methodology should concentrate on whether the followed methods are appropriate for the research. In this context of the study, the adopted research methods are appropriate, as the research problem is rather subjective and hence, taking interviews are the most suitable measure for this. Analysis of Data Collection and Data Analysis Method Participants of the interviews were employed through the CSU media release making the public aware of the opportunity to participate in the project. However, taking up interviews and recruiting participants in this way leaves a question on the authenticity of the accounts told by the participants since no confirmatory step has been taken by the researchers to authenticate the documents (Beattie et al. 2014, p. 60). The interviews were audio-taped and thereafter transcribed precisely to structure the in-depth and unstructured interviews that lasted for one or two hours long. The notable part of the data collection process is that the transcribed interviews were sent to the respective interviewees to cross check the information noted down before the proceedings of data analysis (Bernoth et al., 2014). This ensured the validity of the data analysis conducted. The data analysis, on the other hand, was conducted following the thematic investigation method, which is the best-fitted one for this study due to the subjective nature of the topic (Lim et al., 2014). To appear to an authenticated data analysis result, the researchers chose three different thematic analysis approaches. This is a well thought strategy by the researchers as with a single thematic analysis it was not possible to explore the themes of the stories, contents and to apply on the interpretation purpose. Analysis of the Findings The findings of the research are shocking and to present them in a well-fortified form, the researchers have divided the findings into sub-headings so that the readers are able to understand the varied problems that the research findings have come across. The research findings have also been subdivided into four sections to recognize the serendipity of receiving food and fluids (Bernoth et al., 2014). The first subsection deals with the negligence of the care staff and the atmosphere of loneliness and of long wait in the dining room. This finding effectively connects with the literature review where it was stated that the quality of nutrition offered by food increases with sharing and this environment leads to mental depression for the aged people (Creighton, Davison Kissane, 2016). In addition, the care staffs are fewer comparing with the needs and are not adequately concerned about the safety and well-being of the aged persons. On the other hand, the quality of food was also highly compromised in these RAC services, primarily which led to malnutrition and dehydration among the aged people. Recurring the information presented in the literature review again, the study confirms how the absence of preferred food according to food tradition and culture detract the nutrition quotient of the food served. The study also highlights a very important fact i.e. the absence of any dietician to measure the quantity and nutritional value of the food being served, indicating the low standard of monitoring here. Moreover, the subsections of food hygiene and iatrogenic malnutrition startle the readers in terms of shocking findings in these areas. The matter of food hygiene is, however quite arbitrarily maintained as the research findings say. While some of the food items are completely prohibited in the RAC facilities due to hygiene issue, there are various other things where the hygiene issue is extremely compromised in the kitchen. The iatrogenic malnutrition i.e. inability to access the food served without the help of any assistance is also a grim issue that the interview findings deal with. Critique of the Discussion Although the discussion chapter tries to hold considerable discernment on the reasons of the issues emerged from the analysis of the findings, it fails to suggest any solution to these problems in the RAC services (Street et al. 2015, p. 516). However, the drawbacks in the RAC services have been well analyzed here viewing it as violation to legal standards as well as violation to basic human rights. Reviewing the Limitations of the Study The study fittingly recognizes its limitation of being based on one-sided reviews from the participants. The lack of positive experiences from the participants certainly makes the study depend on one-sided reviews (Bernoth et al., 2014). Thus, the basic limitation remains in the data collection process, especially the way the researchers have recruited participants. Substantiating the Conclusion The conclusion is brief and perfectly summarizes the key themes and ideas of the study without being reiterative at the same time. This is, by all means fitting to the structure and idea of the research paper, although the recommendations seem to be missing. Value of the Study The study offers a thorough understanding of how the elderly people are suffering in the RAC services. The writing style of the researchers is also vivid, clear and authenticated by excerpts of interviews. However, the study has little contribution in providing any solution for the grim situation in the RAC services that could have made any advancement in the practice and knowledge of aged care facilities. References Aveyard, H. (2014).Doing A Literature Review In Health And Social Care: A Practical Guide. McGraw-Hill Education (UK). Beattie, E., O'reilly, M., Strange, E., Franklin, S., Isenring, E. (2014). How Much Do Residential Aged Care Staff Members Know About The Nutritional Needs Of Residents?.International Journal Of Older People Nursing,9(1), 54-64. Bernoth, M. A., Dietsch, E., Davies, C. (2014). Two dead frankfurts and a blob of sauce: The serendipity of receiving nutrition and hydration in Australian residential aged care.Collegian,21(3), 171-177. Chisholm, A., Jensen, J., Field, P. (2011). Eating Environment In The Aged?Care Residential Setting In New Zealand: Promoters And Barriers To Achieving Optimum Nutrition. Observations Of The Foodservice, Menu And Meals.Nutrition Dietetics,68(2), 161-166. Creighton, A. S., Davison, T. E., Kissane, D. W. (2016). The correlates of anxiety among older adults in nursing homes and other residential aged care facilities: a systematic review.International journal of geriatric psychiatry. Fetherstonhaugh, D., Tarzia, L., Bauer, M., Nay, R., Beattie, E. (2016). The Red Dress or the Blue? How Do Staff Perceive That They Support Decision Making for People With Dementia Living in Residential Aged Care Facilities?.Journal of Applied Gerontology,35(2), 209-226. Griffiths, D., Morphet, J., Innes, K., Crawford, K., Williams, A. (2014). Communication Between Residential Aged Care Facilities And The Emergency Department: A Review Of The Literature.International Journal of Nursing Studies,51(11), 1517-1523. Lim, C. J., Kwong, M., Stuart, R. L., Buising, K. L., Friedman, N. D., Bennett, N., ... Kong, D. C. (2014). Antimicrobial Stewardship In Residential Aged Care Facilities: Need And Readiness Assessment.BMC Infectious Diseases,14(1), 410. Martin, R., Hayes, B., Hutchinson, A., Yates, P., Lim, W. K. (2016). 135IMPLEMENTATION OF Goals of Patient Care Medical Treatment Orders in Residential Aged Care Facilities: A Randomised Controlled Trial.Age and Ageing,45(suppl 2), ii1-ii12. Street, M., Ottmann, G., Johnstone, M. J., Considine, J., Livingston, P. M. (2015). Advance care planning for older people in Australia presenting to the emergency department from the community or residential aged care facilities.Health social care in the community,23(5), 513-522. Vesnaver, E., Keller, H. H. (2011). Social Influences And Eating Behavior In Later Life: A Review.Journal Of Nutrition In Gerontology And Geriatrics,30(1), 2-23.